The Great American Solar Eclipse of August 2. Part 2)[Yesterday, I posted part 1 of this article, describing what an eclipse is, how they happen, and where you have to go to see it. Read that first. But there’s still a lot to know! In today’s article, Part 2, I’ll talk about how to safely observe it, what science we can learn from eclipses, and then link to a lot of sites with more info.]How do I watch it?

Watching an eclipse safely isn’t all that hard to do; you just have to be careful. I’ve seen a lot of misinformation out there, so I’ll try to be thorough here. I’m not a doctor (of medicine) but I’ve done some reading about this. I suggest doing your own as well.

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First: Yes, looking at the Sun is dangerous. Duh. The light is very intense, and looking at the Sun for more than a moment can damage your retina. In general, the damage is localized to small parts of the retina, and you won’t go completely blind (but you can permanently damage those parts, creating black spots in your vision).

This is called solar retinopathy, and in many cases —though not all— the damage gets better over time. You likely won’t go permanently, completely blind by looking at the Sun, but long- term damage is certainly possible. So why risk it? Don’t look directly at the Sun. However, to be clear: Looking at the eclipse when it is total is safe; the Sun is completely blocked by the Moon and the corona is only about as bright as the full Moon. But the partial phases before and after totality are not safe to look at.

In fact, the moment when the Sun reappears at the end of totality (third contact) is the most dangerous time to be gazing at the Sun, because for a couple of minutes your eyes have been adjusting to the lower light level. Your pupils dilate, and a chemical called rhodopsin coats your retina, making it more sensitive to incoming light. That’s handy at night or when you enter a dark room, but once that flash of the raw surface of the Sun comes screaming in after totality it can do serious damage to your eye. I suggest finding out exactly how long totality lasts at your location, and give yourself plenty of padding toward the end so that flash of sunlight doesn’t zap your retinae.

So then, how do you observe it? You need to use properly filtered equipment to view the Sun safely. In general, home- grown filters are a bad idea. So do not use things like sunglasses, exposed color film (if you can even find that anymore), DVDs, or mylar to look through.

These all let through too much ultraviolet and/or infrared light, which can damage your eyes. A good list of what to do and what not to do can be found at Fred Espenak’s Mr. Eclipse site. Up until totality, when the eclipse is still partial, you still have lots of options. The easiest is to get a set of eclipse glasses. Lots of different kinds are available, and many are very inexpensive —they’re made of cardboard and have very dark filters to block most of the sunlight (generally 9.

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ND5 filter). NASA has some info on this, and lots of reputable places sell them (I’m hearing that local places like camera stores and such are selling them too, and many public libraries are giving them away as well). See the links list below at the end of the post.

You can also use equipment like telescopes and binoculars but HOLY SWEET MOTHER OF SYZYGIES do not do this unless you know what you’re doing, and even then be very very careful! Telescopes and other optical aids are designed to bring lots of light into your eye, and if they are unfiltered or not filtered correctly the damage you do will be extremely bad. You could literally destroy your retinae. Also, some department store telescopes come with a “sun filter” that attaches to the end of the eyepiece. These are extraordinarily dangerous! All that light from the telescope is being focused onto a small, dark piece of glass. It can heat up and crack or even shatter.

You probably don’t want your eye next to an eyepiece that does that. You want equipment that filters the light before it gets into the optics, either stuff that’s designed to look at the Sun, or that have filters that fit over the front end so very little raw sunlight gets in.

Celestron sells filtered binoculars; I have two pair they sent me and I like them. They’re useful for when there are big sunspots, too, but they can only be used to look at the Sun. Everything else is nowhere near bright enough to get through the filters. They also have other safe viewing equipment, too, like a small ‘scope, and filters you can fit over the end of a telescope.

Lunt is another company I’m familiar with, and they have a line of observing equipment as well. You can find lots more companies online.

Just be careful to make sure they are a solid company; scam artists are everywhere, and you don’t want to screw around with your eyesight. If you don’t want to spend a lot of money, you can make yourself a pinhole projector, and all you need is a couple of pieces of stiff paper. Punching a tiny hole in one piece of paper (or poster board) can allow you to project a tiny image of the Sun onto the second piece.

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It’s crude, but it’ll work decently well for the partial phases. You can find more info on how this works and how to make one on Wikipedia.

If you have binoculars with no filters, you can also use them to project the image of the Sun on a piece of paper. Don’t look through them! Just hold them and aim them by hand. I’ve done this and it works pretty well (it helps to block one of the lenses so you’re only using the other one). I’ll note that this can damage the optics because you’re focusing all that light onto the eyepieces, so do this at your own risk. As for me, I’m taking a group of folks into the wilds of Wyoming for the event, so I’m bringing lots of equipment.

I have the binoculars I mentioned, as well as a small but heavily filtered telescope, a solar telescope, my 2. I plan on using all the filtered stuff for the partial phases, then just using my eyeballs when totality hits. I might use unfiltered binoculars or even a telescope for totality, but only for literally about one minute. I don’t want anyone near unfiltered equipment when totality ends. So please, be careful! I want y’all to see this, but I want you to see it safely.

Besides the eclipse itself, what else should I look out for? There are lots of other things to watch for during the eclipse besides seeing it directly. Speaking of pinhole cameras, leaves on trees can have tiny holes in them, and act as pinhole cameras. If you look on the ground into a tree’s shadow, you might see the eclipse playing out replicated hundreds of times! My friend Anne Wheaton took a great photo of that for an eclipse in 2.

Who knew a cool view of an eclipse could be had by looking down? Here’s a wonderful video of that same thing, too. There are other effects to watch out for too. Ripples of light and shadows have been reported to move across the ground just before and after totality; this may be due to optical effects called constructive and destructive interference as the light from the Sun goes past the Moon. I don’t think it’s terribly well understood what causes it. I’m hoping to see it. Also, the sky itself may put on a show, especially if you have decent horizons and hazy air.

The deepest part of the shadow of the Moon is only about 1. Moon’s shadow to the other on the sky itself. Watch Sleeping Beauty 4Shared on this page.

Here’s a photo of that, one of my favorite eclipse shots, taken by the wonderful astrophotographer Tunç Tezel in Queensland, Australia. Fierce Light: When Spirit Meets Action Movie Watch Online. What you’re seeing there is the edge of the shadow of the Moon darkening the sky itself!

Where Tunç was standing the eclipse was total, but on the left and far right the eclipse was still partial, so the sky is brighter there. What about taking pictures? Speaking of which, taking photos of the eclipse is tricky.

The Sun is actually very small in most cameras, so unless you have a decent telephoto you might not see much in the photos. Watch Jada Dailymotion. Instead of going into detail, I’ve added a bunch of links below with tons more information.